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Landmark Cases

1

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

US Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

2

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

US Supreme Court case that established the principle of federal supremacy.

3

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

US Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of "separate but equal" facilities for Black and white people.

4

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

US Supreme Court case that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

5

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

US Supreme Court case that declared school-sponsored prayer unconstitutional.

6

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

US Supreme Court case that established the right to legal counsel for defendants in criminal cases.

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7

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)

US Supreme Court case that established the principle of "actual malice" in defamation cases involving public figures.

8

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

US Supreme Court case that established the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney during police interrogations.

9

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

US Supreme Court case that struck down state laws prohibiting interracial marriage.

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10

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

US Supreme Court case that established that students have the right to free speech in schools.

11

Furman v. Georgia (1972) 

US Supreme Court case that temporarily abolished the death penalty in the US.

12

Roe v. Wade (1973)

US Supreme Court case that established a woman's right to choose to have an abortion.

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13

United States v. Nixon (1974)

US Supreme Court case that upheld the principle of executive privilege but ordered President Nixon to turn over secret tapes related to the Watergate scandal.

14

Soering v. United Kingdom (1989)

European Court of Human Rights case that established the principle that countries cannot extradite individuals to face the death penalty.

15

Roe v. Wade II (1992)

US Supreme Court case that affirmed the right to choose to have an abortion but allowed for some state restrictions.

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16

Brown v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (1993)

Canadian Supreme Court case that declared Canada's immigration policy unconstitutional for discriminating against same-sex couples.

17

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

US Supreme Court case that abolished the death penalty for minors.

18

Brown v. Plata (2011)

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